Polypectomy

Polypectomy is a medical procedure performed to remove polyps from the inner lining of organs such as the colon, rectum, stomach, or uterus. Polyps are abnormal growths that can develop on mucous membranes, and while most are harmless, some can potentially become cancerous over time. Therefore, polypectomy is often carried out as both a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure to address polyps and reduce the risk of malignancy.

The procedure is commonly performed by gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, or gynecologists depending on the location of the polyps. It is typically conducted using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached, which allows the healthcare provider to visualize the internal organs and identify polyps. During the procedure, specialized instruments are passed through the endoscope to remove the polyps safely and efficiently.

There are several methods of polypectomy, including snare polypectomy, cold forceps polypectomy, hot forceps polypectomy, and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Snare polypectomy involves using a wire loop (snare) to encircle and remove larger polyps. Cold forceps polypectomy utilizes forceps to grasp and remove smaller polyps without applying heat. Hot forceps polypectomy involves using forceps heated electrically or with a laser to cut and remove polyps. EMR is a more complex procedure used for larger or sessile polyps, involving injecting a solution beneath the polyp to lift it before resecting it.

Polypectomy is generally considered a safe and effective procedure with minimal risks, such as bleeding or perforation, which are rare but possible complications. After the polyps are removed, they are sent to a laboratory for analysis to determine their nature, whether benign, precancerous, or malignant. Depending on the findings, further management or surveillance may be recommended to monitor for recurrence or new polyps.

The benefits of polypectomy include reducing the risk of cancer development by removing potentially precancerous polyps and alleviating symptoms such as bleeding or discomfort associated with larger polyps. Regular screening and surveillance for polyps, especially in high-risk individuals or those with a family history of colorectal cancer, are essential for early detection and management through procedures like polypectomy.